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Background

Grade 301 can be supplied with a tensile strength of up to 1800 MPa in strip and wire forms, to produce tempers in the range of 1/16 Hard to Full Hard. The controlled analysis of Grade 301 enables it to retain sufficient ductility in conditions up to 1/2 hard conditions to be roll or brake formed into aircraft, architectural and particularly rail car structural components. However, 3/4 to full hard tempers should be used whenever high wear resistance and spring features are required in components of simple form designs.

Grade 301L with low carbon is preferred for improved ductility, and another variant 301LN with higher nitrogen content has a higher work hardening rate than standard 301.

Only Grade 301 is specified in ASTM A666, but 301L is covered by JIS G4305 and 301LN is in EN10088-2 as grade 1.4318.

Key Properties

The properties for Grade 301 are specified for flat rolled product (plate, sheet and coil) in ASTM A666. Similar but not identical mechanical properties are specified in EN 10088.2 and JIS G4305 and in proprietary specifications.

Composition

Typical compositional ranges for grade 301 stainless steels are given in table 1.

Table 1. Composition ranges for 301 grade stainless steel

Mechanical Properties

Typical mechanical properties for grade 301 stainless steels are given in table 2.

Table 2. Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel

Physical Properties

Typical physical properties for grade 301 stainless steels are given in table 3.

Table 3. Physical properties of 301 grade stainless steel

Grade Specification Comparison

Approximate grade comparisons for 301 stainless steels are given in table 4.

Table 4. Grade specifications for 301 grade stainless steel

Possible Alternative Grades

Possible alternative grades to grade 301 stainless steels are given in table 5.

Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 301 grade stainless steel

Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion resistance is similar to that of 304. Good resistance in applications involving external exposure to mildly corrosive conditions at ambient temperatures.

Heat Resistance

Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 840°C and in continuous service to 900°C, although not usually chosen for this environment.

Heat Treatment

Solution Treatment (Annealing) - Heat to 1010-1120°C and cool rapidly. Use low side of range for intermediate annealing. This grade cannot be hardened by thermal treatment.

Cold Working

Grade 301 and its low carbon variants are used where a high strength stainless steel is required. The grades work harden at the very high rate of approximately 14MPa/%Ra (14MPa increase in tensile strength for each 1% reduction of area of cold work), resulting in high achievable strengths from cold rolling and from roll forming. The strain-hardened austenite is at least partially transformed to martensite by this work. Despite the high strengths achieved there is still enough residual ductility to enable severe cold deformation. Although non-magnetic in the annealed condition, when cold worked the grade becomes strongly attracted to a magnet.

Welding

Good characteristics suited to all standard methods. Grade 308L filler rod is recommended. Welds in Grade 301 must be annealed for maximum corrosion resistance; this is not necessary in 301L or 301LN. Welding and post weld annealing will both remove high strength induced by prior cold rolling.

Spot welding is commonly used to assemble cold rolled 301 components. The very small heat affected zone associated with this rapid welding technique results in little reduction of overall component strength.

Applications

Typical applications include:

·         Rail car structural components - often roll formed, brake pressed or stretch formed to profiles but also used flat.

·         Airframe sections

·         Highway trailer components

·         Automotive wheel covers

·         Wiper blade holders and clips

·         Toaster springs

·         Stove element clips

·         Screen frames

·         Curtain walls