主题：第三届电声技术国际研讨会于2011年11月12日―13日在深圳虚拟大学园召开

广田泰丈，津田史郎，K．Raj， 应正铭

本文验证了一种方法，使用磁液的扬声器作用于音圈的径向复位力的增强方法。同时还研究了由于震动所造成的磁液飞溅损失的影响因素。为建立定量分析性能的模型，采用了铁流体力学分析法，并将预先的估计与实验数据进行比较。

 

 

Y. Hirota, S. Tsuda, K. Raj, Jimmy Ying

This work examines a proposal to increase the radial restoring force on the voice coil in audio speakers containing ferrofluid. In addition, study is made of factors influencing splash loss of the ferrofluid due to shock. Ferrohydrodynamic analysis is employed to quantify model behavior with predictions compared to experimental data .

Wolfgang Klippel，Robert Werner

扬声器系统产生的主要的信号失真与扬声器设计过程中使用的材料的形状和特性直接相关，装配生产线上所有的合格部件都会产生失真。追求扬声器性能 最优化需折中考虑主观音质、最大声输出、成本、重量和大小等因素，常规失真就是最优化过程的产物。本文讨论了常规失真的物理成因、集总参数和分布式参数模 型、如何使用现代测量技术进行客观评估以及人耳的主观听感。

 

 

Wolfgang Klippel，Robert Werner

A major part of the signal distortion generated by loudspeaker systems are directly related with the geometry and properties of the material used in loudspeaker design and found in all good units passing the assembling line. Those regular distortions are the result of an optimization process giving the best compromise between perceived sound quality, maximal output, cost, weight and size. This paper discusses the physical causes of the regular distortions, their modeling by using lumped and distributed parameters, the objective assessment using modern measurement techniques and the perception by the human ear.

王刚，洪霞，何来安

平板电视向超薄化发展，宽度、厚度均小于30mm的微型音箱成为其电视机声通道的首选。本文基于[1]封闭音箱等效线路图分析的基础，阐述扬声器单元的等效容积（Veq）对音箱性能的影响，通过设计举例，验证选用等效容积较小的双驱动纸锥扬声器对微型音箱频率响应的改善作用。

 

 

WANG Gang, HONG Xia, HE Lai-an

With the development of the Flat TV, the mini loudspeaker box, where the box width and thickness less than 30mm become to the first choice which be used to make up in sound channel. Based on the equivalent circuit analysis of closed boxes, the thesis explores the effect of equivalent air volume of a loudspeaker drive unit, which affects the functions of Loudspeaker box. Examples to proof it a positive influence on frequency response curve of mini Loudspeaker box is given here, while equivalent air volume of a loudspeaker driver (Veq) of double drive speaker is decreased.

谢守华

本文介绍偶极子结构、利用该结构设计的高音模组，使该模组在XY平面达到近似360度的声辐射响应并应用到个人多媒体音频重放产品。

 

 

Xie Shou-hua

This paper discuss doublet sound source & design tweeter module with low directivity index with this theory , and apply this design on PC multimedia speaker.

 

王刚，洪霞，何来安

近期开发微型音箱YX22系列产品，在进行产品技术性能的验证试验中，以满功率振动为技术条件，试验的过程及结果数据都显示出：内置式 NdFeB双磁路系统，磁间隙B值与工作时间的比值关系，在量化极限后达到稳定。针对内置式NdFeB双磁路系统温升规律，通过调整材料尺寸或性能，从中 发掘有效的控制温升方法，完善YX22系列产品技术指标。

 

 

WANG Gang, HONG Xia, HE Lai-An

We are designing the mini loudspeaker box YX22 series recently, by using the rated power in the test for the products character, the test process and result data show: as for the inside NdFeB double magnetic circuit system, magnetic induction（B）has a certain relationship with operating time, and come to stable after a certain time . For temperature-rising regulation of the inside NdFeB double magnetic circuit system, find out the methods to control the temperature rising by adjusting the materials dimension or performance, Finally improve the products character of series YX22 .

徐新国

目前任何一款倒相式音箱，其内部空气都是不能流动的，因此在大功率状态下使用时，音箱内部的温度越来越高，功率压缩越来越厉害，随着音箱内部温 度的升高，其安全性和可靠性就逐步降低，为了解决这样一个世界性的问题，我们推出了一种能使音箱内部空气进行流动的音箱结构，可以使音箱内部的空气随着扬 声器的工作而进行单方向的流动。

 

 

Xu Xin-guo

For all existing reflex enclosures, the internal air is not flowable. Therefore, when it is used with big power, the internal temperature will get higher and higher. The compression rate will rise, too. With the increase of the internal temperature, it reduces the safety as well as reliability of the loudspeaker. To solve this worldwide problem, we developed a type of enclosure which will make the internal air flow unidirectional when the speaker is working.

管善群

这是应邀为2011电声技术国际研讨会(ISEAT2011)专门撰写的具有理论研究性质的特邀报告,介绍报告人对电容传声器在力－电变换过程产生的非线性畸变机理的理论研究成果：电容传声器在力－电变换中产生的非线性畸变与“固定电容”在整个电容中的比例成正比。

 

 

Guan Shan-qun

This is an invited paper for 2011 International Symposium of ElectroAcoustic Technologies (ISEAT2011). In this invited paper, the study on nonlinear distortion of mechanical-electro transducer in condenser microphone is introduced .The results show that the nonlinear distortion is in proportion to the ratio of the "fixed capacity" to the overall capacity.

吴宗汉

本文对驻极体电容传声器（ECM）的有关特性受材料影响的问题作了较详细的分析，并用实验论证了讨论的结果。其中包括材料对ECM电容、ECM的输出特性、ECM的特性的影响进行了讨论。

 

 

Wu Zong-han

Inthis article, we will give a detailed analysis of the ECM’s characteristics affected by material, and some experimental results to confirm our analysis. This article also contains the discussion on the Capacitance characteristics, Output characteristics and Phase characteristics of ECM .

冯梓鑫, 刘云峰, 蒋伟, 沈勇

通过对第129届、130届AES大会的统计分析，介绍了国际上关于扬声器、传声器及其他电声设备、建声与扩声、心理声学与主观评价、空间声学与听觉、录声与放声、音频编解码、信号处理、音频传输与广播、仪器与测量等方面音频技术研究的最新进展。

 

 

Feng Zi-xin, Liu Yun-feng, Jiang Wei, Shen Yong

By summing up and analyzing 129th and 130th AES Convention, this paper introduces the lastest progress of international audio engineering concerning loudspeakers, microphones, other electro-acoustic equipments, architectural acoustic and sound reinforcement, psychoacoustic and subjective evaluation, spatial acoustics and hearing, sound recording and reproduction, audio codec, signal processing, audio transmission and broadcast，instruments and measurement.

俞锦元，俞炽明

本文首先简要介绍了ALMA专家会议上发表的扬声器技术发展近况及行业动态。然后介绍了从美国消费电子设计安装协会博览会（CEDIA EXPO）反映的扬声器技术发展趋势。最后简单介绍了替代传统压电陶瓷扬声器材料（PZT）的无铅钛酸鉍钠压电陶瓷扬声器（BNT）的材料特性。

 

 

Yu Jin-yuan, Yu Chi-ming

This article briefs the loudspeaker technology development recent update & industrial affairs first issued on ALMA EXPERT FORUM. Then to introduce the loudspeaker technology development trends from CEDIA EXPO.  Also it introduces the features of BNT (Sodium bismuth titanate lead-free) replaced for traditional Piezoelectric ceramic speaker material (PZT) at last.




【特邀报告】王以真等 - 世界二十五家线阵列扬声器系统产品述评

Wolfgang Klippel, Robert Werner

由制造过程、材料老化、过载工作或气候变化导致的扬声器缺陷会产生特殊的非常规失真，这种失真一般被称为“破擦声”。人耳对这种声音很敏感而且 无法忍受。跟设计过程中明确定义的常规扬声器失真相比，这种非常规失真很难预测，它是由输入信号引起的独立过程。传统的失真测量方法，如THD，不能可靠 的检测出这些缺陷。本文讨论了最主要的几种扬声器缺陷类型，新的失真测量技术，失真的可闻度以及对音质感知的影响。

 

 

Wolfgang Klippel, Robert Werner

Loudspeaker defects caused by manufacturing, aging, over-load or climate impact generate special kind of irregular distortion commonly known as rub & buzz which are highly audible and intolerable for the human ear. Contrary to regular loudspeaker distortions defined in the design process the irregular distortions are hardly predictable and are generated by an independent process triggered by the input signal. Traditional distortion measurements such as THD fail in the reliable detection of those defects. The paper discusses the most important defect classes, new measurement techniques, audibility and the impact on perceived sound quality.

Steve F. Temme，Brian Fallon，Pascal Brunet

所有制造商都希望在他们的装配线上生产出优良声品质、高产量的扬声器和耳机。在不牺牲产品质量的前提下，一种提高产量的方式是用自动可感知破擦 声检测模型取代传统检测模型，对产品进行破擦声缺损检测。这种模型仅仅用于检测可听破擦声缺损而非所有的破擦声缺损。自动可感知破擦声测量装置不仅能够重 现听音员获得的结果，还能提高生产量并且能与自动生产线融为一体。

本文阐述了一种新型的用于自动可感知破擦声检测的方法，并讨论其原理，同时与其他破擦声检测方法所得出的结果进行比较。此外，本文还阐述了此方法如何使得限度设置较传统方式更为简单，从而能更便捷地在生产线上得到应用。

 

 

Steve F. Temme，Brian Fallon，Pascal Brunet

All manufacturers want two things from their loudspeaker and headphone assembly lines – good sound quality and high yields. One way that higher yields can be achieved without sacrificing product quality is to detect Rub & Buzz defects using an automated PERCEPTUAL Rub & Buzz detection model rather than a conventional one. This is a model which detects only AUDIBLE Rub & Buzz faults rather than ALL Rub & Buzz faults. Automated perceptual Rub & Buzz measurement better reproduces the results obtained by a human listener but with higher throughput and full integration with automated production lines.

This paper explains a newly-developed method for automated perceptual Rub & Buzz detection, discusses the theory behind it, and shows test results in comparison to other Rub & Buzz detection methods. It also explains how this method makes limit setting much simpler than with conventional methods which makes it much easier for use on the production line.

史密特·葛瑞格

一个典型的扬声器最终测试需要测量包含10个或者更多的参数，每个参数都有其对应的公差来判定扬声器是否通过测试，进而影响产线的良率。本文介绍了工业上常用公差计算方法和步骤，并为选择正确的公差方案来实现良率、质量以及产量的最大化，提供了系统的指导。

 

 

Gregor Schmidle

A typical end-of-line loudspeaker test comprises ten or more different parameters tested. Each parameter has its own pass/fail limits contributing to the overall test result of the loudspeaker and therefore to the yield of the production line. This paper gives a comprehensive overview about commonly used limit calculation methods and procedures in the industry. It also delivers systematic guidance for choosing the right limit scheme for maximizing yield, quality and throughput.

D. B. (Don) Keele, Jr.

Seven types of loudspeaker line arrays were ranked considering eight performance parameters including 1) Beamwidth uniformity, 2) Directivity uniformity, 3) Sound field uniformity, 4) Side lobe suppression, 5) Uniformity of polar response, 6) Smoothness of off-axis frequency response, 7) Sound pressure rolloff versus distance, and 8) Near-far polar pattern uniformity. Line arrays analyzed include: 1. Un-shaded straight-line array, 2. Hann-shaded straight-line array, 3. “J”-line array, 4. Spiral- or progressive-line array, 5. Un-shaded circular-arc array, 6. CBT circular-arc array, and 7.CBT delay-curved straight-line array. All arrays were analyzed assuming no extra drive signal processing other than frequency-independent shading. A weighted performance analysis yielded the following ranking from best to worse 6, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, with the CBT Legendre-shaded circular-arc array on top and the un-shaded straight-line array on the bottom.

刘云峰, 沈勇, 董桂官, 蒋伟

利用QR时间延迟、QR相位延迟、采用sinc函数理论或二次剩余序列设置阵列等方法对多点激励源的声梁水平方向指向性进行优化， 指向性与声功率级二者兼顾，声梁在偏离轴线方向其频率响应也随之得到改善；经过优化后得到的宽指向性声梁适用于会议室、教室和平板电视等场合，且安装便 捷，美观大方。

 

 

Liu Yun-feng, Shen Yong, Dong Gui-guan , Jiang Wei

After the optimization of both the sound girder's directivity in the horizontal direction and its acoustic power by QR timing or phase delay, sinc setup or quadratic rasidue setup, its frequency response is also improved in directions deviated from its axis. Omni-directivity sound girder can be installed easily in classrooms, meeting rooms , flat panel TVs and looks artistic.

Xiaoli Zhong, Bosun Xie

Virtual auditory display (VAD) recreates desired spatial auditory events by synthesizing binaural signals with head-related transfer function (HRTF) and rendering them through headphone. VAD has been widely used in research of binaural hearing as well as consumer electronics and entertainments in recent decades. Existing studies have emphasized that faithful performance of VAD needs incorporating individualized HRTFs. Empirical measurement is a conventional way to accurately obtain individualized HRTFs. However, it is difficult to measure individualized HRTFs for each of potential users with high spatial resolution. A variety of approaches to approximating or customizing individualized HRTFs have been developed, which become hot issues in research of VAD. Although moderate success has been achieved, further validation and improvement of those customization approaches are required. This article reviews latest development in this field with emphasis on existing problems and future directions.

冯声振，王超

有源消噪技术从工业噪声控制走向移动终端产品，提升用户在任何嘈杂的场合听音乐或是通话时的信噪比和可懂度等聆听体验。针对在移动终端应用有源消噪技术所面临的信号因果性问题，提出了模拟系统和数字系统两种解决方案。其中，瑞声科技推出的有源消噪模拟芯片EMT6903，可方便地应用于移动终端产品。在某型号开放式耳塞和手机上应用后，得到了200—2500 Hz以上的消噪频带，平均降噪量达到13—16 dB以上，同时对回放音频的音质没有影响，主观聆听体验提升明显。

 

 

FENG Shen-zhen, WANG Chao

Active noise cancellation (ANC) technology becomes applicable in mobile terminal products, not only in industry noise control. The experience of listening including signal to noise ratio (SNR) and intelligibility will be improved when enjoying music or calling in a noisy environment. Considered the signal causality problem when ANC is employed in mobile terminals, both an analog system solution and a digital system solution are proposed. Among these, an analog chip EMT6903 provided by AAC Technologies can be applied into mobile terminal products conveniently. Tests on some earphone and mobile phone show that the band of noise cancellation is over 200 ~ 2500 Hz and noise cancellation is above 13 ~ 16 dB in average. In the mean time, there is no loss of original playback audio quality and subjective experience increases.

蒋伟，乐意，杨小军，沈勇

吸声材料的吸声系数的准确度是建筑声学研究和设计的基础，而吸声系数又是通过在混响室中测量混响时间来计算得到的。本文通过统计声学和波动声学 的基本原理对混响室中混响时间测量的空间偏差和重复偏差产生的原因进行了分析，并在南京大学混响室内进行了定量的试验统计研究，找到了影响混响时间测量空 间偏差和重复偏差的因数，并提出了改善建议。

 

 

Jiang Wei, Le Yi, Yang Xiao-jun, Shen Yong

The accuracy of the absorption coefficient is the base of architectural acoustics research and design. Now the absorption coefficient is calculated by the reverberation time measured in the reverberation room. The cause of the spatial variance and ensemble variance of the reverberation time are found, and some practical suggestions are proposed.