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Useful References on Loudspeaker System Design
　
Of all the technical publications on loudspeaker system

design that are presented here, the first six are

particularly useful since they contain a wealth of

collected information. Also, many of the journal

articles published by the Audio Engineering Society that

are referenced in this bibliography are contained within

the AES publications listed at [1] and [2].Please note

that this list is definitely far from exhaustive, there

have been many more contributions to the field of

loudspeaker design than it is possible to include here.

[1] R.E. Cooke (Editor), "LOUDSPEAKERS VOLUME 1 - An

anthology of articles on loudspeakers from the pages of

the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, VOI. 1-

VOI. 25 (1953-1977)," Second Edition, 1980, 448 pp.

(Available from 01d Colony Sound Lab and the AES.)

[2] R.E. Cooke (Editor), "LOUDSPEAKERS VOLUME 2 - An

anthology of articles on loudspeakers from the pages of

the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 26-

Vol. 31 (1978-1983)," First Edition, 1984, 464 pp.

(Available from old Colony Sound Lab and the AES.)

[3] M. Colloms, "High Performance Loudspeakers," 4th

edition, (Halsted Press, JOhn Wiley k Sons, 1991, 407

pp., ISBN 0-470-21721-9). (Available from old

ColonySound Lab. )

[4] V. Dickason, "The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook," 5th

edition, Audio Amateur Press, Peterborough, New

Hampshire, 1995, 224 pp., ISBN 1-882580-10-9 (available

from 01d Colony Sound Lab). Chapters include: How

Loudspeakers Work, Closed-Box Low-Frequency Systems,

yented-Box Low-Frequency Sys tems, Pass ive-Radia tor

Low-Frequency Systems, Transmiss ion-Line Low-Frequency

Systems, Cabinet Construction: Shape and Daotping; Mid-

and High-Frequency Drivers: Appl ication and Enclosures,

Passive and Active Crossover Networks, Loudspeaker

Testing, CAD Software for Loudspeaker Design, Hone

Theatre Loudspeakers, Car Audio Loudspeakers, and

Loudspeaker Design and Construction Resources. German

language version of 4th Edition translated by Gotz

Schwamkrug and published by Elektor-Verlag GillbH, 5100

Aachen, 1993, ISBN 3-928051-36-9.

[5] Robert M. Bullock lll, assisted by Robert White,

"Bullock on Boxes,"(Audio Amateur Press, Peterborough,

New Hampshire, USA, 1991, ISBN 0-9624191-5-X).

(Available from 01d Colony Sound Lab. ) Chapters

include: Thiele, Small and Vented Loudspeaker Design,

Determining Design Parameters for Your Loudspeaker, Fine

Points of Vented Speaker Des ign, AI ternat ive AI

ignments, Thiele-Smal I Calculator Programs, BoxResponse

Program, Realizing BoxResponse's Potential, BoxModel: an

Aid to woofer system design and correspondence and

updates

[6] J. E. Benson, "Theory and Design of Loudspeaker

Enclosures, " (Synergetic Audio Concepts, 1993, 244 pp.

, ISBN 0-9638929-0-8). Available from old Colony Sound

Lab. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of

infinite-baffie, closed-box, damped vented-box, passive

-radiator vented-box, and acoustic-resistance controlled

systems. Includes many design tables, charts, and graphs

[7] J.R. Ashley and T. A. Saponas, “Wisdom and

Witchcraft of old Wives' Tales Abou't Woofer Baffies,''

J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 524-529 (1970

october). See also "Comments on 'Wisdom and

Witchcraft','' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 58

(1971 January).

[8] J. R. Ashley and L.M. Henne, “operational Amplifier

lmplementation of ldeal Electronic Crossover Networks,

“ J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, pp. 7-ll (1971 January).

[9] R. H. Small, ''Constant-Voltage Crossover Network

Design," Proc. l.R.E.E. Australia, Vol. 31, pp. 66-73

(1970 March); also J. Audio Eng. Soc., VOI. 19, pp. 12-

19 (1971 January).

[10] A.N. Thiele, ''Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes: Part

1"J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 19, pp.382 ff. (1971 May).

[11] A.N. Thiele, ''Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes: Part

II, " J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, pp. 471 ff. (1971

June).

[12] J. R. Ashley and A. L. Kaminsky,”Active and

Passive Filters as Loudspeaker Crossover Networks,” J.

Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, pp. 494-501 (1971 June).

[13] A. P. Smith, "Electronic Crossover Networks and

Their Contribution to lmproved Loudspeaker Transient

Response," J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 19, pp. 674-679

(1971 September).

[14] R. H. Small, "Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part

i: Analysis," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 20, pp. 798-808

(1972 December).

[15] D. B. Keele, Jr. "Sensitivity of Thiele' s Vented

Loudspeaker Enclosure Alignments to Parameter

Variations," J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 21, pp. 246-255

(1973 May).

[16] R. H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part

.1: Stual l-Signal Analysis,'' J. AudiO Eng. Soc., VOI.

21, pp. 363-372 (1973 June).

[17] R. H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part

II: Large-Signal Analysis,'' J. Audio Eng. SOc., Vol.

21, pp. 438-444 (1973 Ju1y/August) .

[18] R. H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part

lll: Synthesis," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 21, pp. 549-

554 (1973 September).

[19] R. H. Small, "Vented~Box Loudspeaker Systems Part

IV: Appendices," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 21, pp. 635-

639 (1973 october).

[20] R. F. Allison, "The influence of Room Boundaries on

Loudspeaker Power output,'' J. Audio Eng. SOc., Vol. 22,

pp. 314-320 (1974 June) .

[21] R. H. Small, "passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems

Part i: Analysis,”J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 22, pp. 592

-601 (1974 october).

[22] R. H. Small, "passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems

Part II:Synthesis,”J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 22, pp.

683-689 (1974 Novetaber) .

[23] A. N. Thiele, "optitaum Passive Loudspeaker

Dividing Networks," Proc.I.R.E.E. Australia, VOI. 36,

pp. 220-224 (1975 July). -

[24] J. E. Benson,”An Introduction to the Design of

Filtered Loudspeaker Systems,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol.

23, pp. 536-545 (1975 September) .

[25] S. H. Linkwitz, “Active Crossover Networks for

Noncoincident Drivers,'' J. Audio Eng. S0c., V01. 24,

pp. 28 (1976 January/ February) .

[26] L. J. S. Bradbury, “The Use of Fibrous Materials

in Loudspeaker Enclosures,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol.

24, No. 3, pp. 162-170 (1976 March). See Cominents by J.

Catrysse, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 121-

122 (1977 March)

[27] A.N. Thiele, “Air-Cored Inductors for Audio,”J.

Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, pp. 374-378 (1976 June).

[28] A. N. Thiele,”Air-Cored inductOrS for Audio - A

Postscript,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, pp. 830-832

(1976 December).

[29] E. Baekgaard,”A Novel Approach to Linear Phase

Loudspeakers Using Passive Crossover Networks,” J.

Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 25, pp. 284-294 (1977 May). See

also W.M. Leach and W. J. J. Hoge, “Comnients on A

Novel Approach to Linear Phase Loudspeakers Using

Passive Crossover Networks,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol.

26, pp. 650-654 (1978 Se p t embe r )

[30] S. H. Linkwitz,”passive Crossover Networks for

Noncoincident Drivers,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 26,

pp. 149-150 (1978 March).

[31] G. J. Adams, “Computer-Aided Loudspeaker System

Design Part l: Synthesis Using optimization Techniques,

”J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 26, pp. 826-837 (1978

November).

[32] G. J. Adams,”Computer-Aided Loudspeaker System

Design Part 2: Determination of Systen Power Ratings and

Some Design Examples Using optimization Techniques,”J.

Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 26, pp. 922-929 (1978 December).

[33] L. R. Fincham,”A Band-pass Loudspeaker Enclosure,

”Preprint 1512, AES 63rd Convention, Los Angeles, May

18-18 1979.

[34] J.N. White, ''Loudspeaker Athletics,” J. Audio

Eng. Soc., Vol. 27, pp. 891-898 (1979 November).

[35] W.M. Leach, Jr.”Loudspeaker Driver Phase Response.

The Neglected Factor in Crossover Network Design,” J.

Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 28, pp. 410-421 (1980 June).

[36] P. Garde,”All-Pass Crossover Systems,” J. Audio

Eng. Soc. Vol. 28, pp. 575-584 (1980 September).

[37] D.G. Fink,”Titue offset and Crossover Design,”J.

Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 28, pp. 601-611 (1980 September).

[38] M. R. Gander,”Moving-Coil Loudspeaker Topology as

an indicator of Linear Excursion Capability,” J. Audio

Eng. Soc., Vol. 29, pp. 10- 26 (1981 January/February) .

[39] P. Gonda, “An lmproved Second-order Butterworth

Loudspeaker Dividing Network: The offset B2,” J. of

Electrical and Electronics Eng., IE Australia, k IREE

Australia, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 224-231 (1981 September) .

[40] R. M. Bullock lll,“Loudspeaker-Crossover Systems:

An optimal Crossover Choice” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol.

30, pp. 86-495 (1982 Ju1y/Augusi) .

[41] G. J. Adams and S. P. Roe, “Computer-Aided Design

of Loudspeaker Crossover Networks,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc.,

Vol. 30, pp. 496-503 (1982 July/Augu s t )

[42] S.P. Lipshitz, M. Pocock, and J. Vanderkooy, “on

the Audibility of Midrange Phase Distortion in Audio

Systems,” J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 30, pp. 580-595

(1982 September).

[43] K. Singhal and J. Vlach, Computer Methods for

Circuit Analysis and Design (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New

York, 1983).

[44] R. M. Bullock lll, “Satisfying Loudspeaker

Crossover Restraints With Conventional Networks - old

and New Designs,” J. Audio Eng. Soc. , yol. 31, pp.

489-499, (1983 July/August).

[45] D.A. Bohn, “A Fourth-order State Variable Filter

for Linkwitz- Riley Active Crossover Designs ”Preprint

2011, AES 74th Convention, New York, october 8-12 1983.

[46] D. B. Keele, Jr.“Direct Low-Frequencyy Driver

Synthesis from Syste Specifications ” J. Audio Eng.

Soc., Vol. 30, pp. 800-814 (1982 November). See also T.

L. Clarke,”Cominents on Direct Low-Frequency Driver

Synthesis from System Specifications,” J. Audio Eng.

Soc. , Vol. 32, pp. 543-544 (1984 July/August).

[47] M. E. Engebretson,”Low-Frequency Sound

Reproduction” J. Audio Eng.Soc., Vol. 32, pp. 340-346,

(1984 May). See also J.B. Lee,”Cominents on Low-

Frequency Sound Reproduction,” J. Audio Eng. Soc. ,Vol.

33, pp. 249-252 (1985 April), including Engebretson's

reply.

[48] K. 0. Bal l.agh, “optimum Loudspeaker Placement

Near Reflecting Planes,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 31,

pp. 931-935, (1983 December). See also R. F. Allison, “

Comments on optimum Loudspeaker Placement Near

Reflecting Planes,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 32, p. 677

(1984 Sep tember) .

[49] R. M. Bul lock lll,“passive Three-Way All-Pass

Crossover Networks,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 32, pp.

626-639 (1984 Septdmber).

[50] H. Mayr, “Signal Power Spectrum Aspects in

Loudspeaker Design,” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 32, pp.

673-676 (1984 September). See also cominents by J.M.

Woodgate, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 33, p. 249 (1985

April), and Mayr's reply, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 33,

p. 249 (1985 Apri 1) .

[51] J. Vanderkooy and S. P. Lipshitz,“ls Phase

Linearization of Loudspeaker Crossover Networks Possible

by Time offset and Equalizationo”J. AudiO Eng. SOc.,

Vol. 32, pp. 946-955 (1984 December ) .

[52] R.P. de Wit, A. J.M. Kaizer, and F. J. op de Beek,

“Numerical optimization of the Crossover Filters in a

Multiway Loudspeaker System”J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol.

34, pp. 115-123 (1986 March).

[53] P.L.Schuck,“design of optimized loudspeaker

crossover networks Using a Personal Computer” J. Audio

Eng. Soc., yol. 34, pp. 124- 142 (1986 March).

Corrections ibid.: Vol. 34, p. 563 (1986 July/August);

Vol. 35, pp. 667-668 (1987 September). .

[54] F. E. Toole,“Loudspeaker Measuremeents and Their

Relationship to Listener Preference: Part 1” J. Audio

Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. . 227-235 (1986 April). .

[55] J. yanderkooy and S.P. Lipshitz,“power Response of

Loudspeakers With Noncoincident Drivers - The Influence

of Crossover Design” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp.

236-244 (1986 April).

[56] R.M. Bullock lll,”A NeW Three-Way All-Pass

Crossover Network Design,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34,

pp. 315-322 (1986 May).

[57] F. E. Toole “Loudspeaker Measurements and Their

Relationship to Listener Preference: Part 2” J. Audio

Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 333-348 (1986 May) .

[58] S.P. Lipshitz and J. Vanderkooy “In-Phase

Crossover Network Design ”J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34,

pp. 889-894 (1986 November).

[59] W. Marshall Leach, Jr.“Electroacoustic System

Realizations for the Linkwitz-Riley Crossover Networks”

J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 35, pp. 792-800 (1987

october).

[60] R. J. Kaufman “Simple Construction Projects -

Build an Active Filter” audio, pp. 44-47 (1988 July).

[61] D. A. Bohn, “An sth-order State-Variable Filter

for Linkwitz-Riley Active Crossover Designs” Preprint

2697, AES 85th Convention, Los Angeles, November 3-6

1988.

[62] W. M. Leach, Jr.“Electroacoustic-Analogous Circuit

Models for Filled Enclosures” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol.

37, pp. 586-592, (1989 July/August) .

[63] E. R. Geddes ，“ An introduction to Band-Pass

Loudspeaker Systems ” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 37, pp.

308-342 (1989 May). See also E. R. Geddes, “Correction

to An introduction to Band-Pass Loudspeaker Systems,''

J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 42, p. 152 (1994 March) .

[64] R.M. Bullock lll “A Unified Model for Closed-

Boxes, Vented-Boxes and Passive-Radiators with Losses,

“ 87th AES Convention, Preprint No. 2841, october 18-21

1989.

[65] J. R. Wright “An Empirical Model for Loudspeaker

Motor lmpedance” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 38, pp. 749-

754 (1990 october).

[66] C. J. Struck and S. F. Terme “Simulated Free Field

Measurements” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 42, pp. 467-482

(1994 June).

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